The Russian cursive (Russian: (????????) ??????????? ???????; English: (Russian) handwriting script) is the handwritten form of the modern Russian Cyrillic script, used instead of the block letters seen in printed material. In addition, Russian italics for the lowercase letters are often based on the Russian cursive (such as lowercase ?, which looks like Latin m). Most handwritten Russian, especially personal letters and schoolwork, uses the cursive alphabet. In Russian schools most children are taught from first grade how to write with this script.
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History
The Russian (and Cyrillic in general) cursive was developed during the 18th centuries on the base of the earlier Cyrillic tachygraphic writing (??????????, "rapid or running script") which in turn was the 14th-17th chancery hand of the earlier Cyrillic bookhand scripts (called ustav and poluustav). It became the handwritten counterpart of so-called "civil" (or Petrine) printed script of books. In order, modern Cyrillic italic typefaces are based (in their lowercase part) mostly on the cursive shape of the letters.
The resulting cursive bears many similarities with the Latin cursive. For example, the modern Russian cursive letters "????????????? ??????????????" may coincide with Latin cursive "ABDEUKMHOPCYX abgezuonpcmyxr" (ABDEUKMHOPCYX abgezuenpcmyxr), respectively (despite having completely different sound values in many cases); both upright and italic printed typefaces demonstrate less similarity.
One must not confuse the historical Russian chancery hand (??????????), the contemporary Russian cursive (??????????? ???????) and the contemporary Russian stenography. The latter is completely different from the other two, though it is sometimes called ?????????? like the former.
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Features
Russian cursive is much like contemporary calligraphic Latin cursive (including the English one). But unlike English handwriting, where many people tend to write routinely with letters which heavily resemble printed typefaces and use the running calligraphic cursive only occasionally, it is a standard practice to write Russian in Russian cursive almost exclusively.
There exists some ambiguity from the fact that several lowercase cursive letters consist (entirely or in part) of the element that is identical to the dotless Latin cursive letter ?, the cursive Greek letter ? or a half of the cursive letter u, namely ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?. Therefore, certain combinations of these Russian letters cannot be unambiguously deciphered without knowing the language or without a broader context. For example, in the words ?????????, "magician" and ?????, "little house" the combinations ?? and ?? are written identically. There are examples of different words that become absolutely identical in their cursive form, e.g. ???, "(I) revenge" and ????, "(to) a face".
In some forms of cursive the distinction between ? and ? may become elusive, because both are written in the shapes of either m or ?. To alleviate this case of ambiguity, a horizontal bar can be written above the character (like m? or rarely ??) if it is ?, or below (like ?? or rarely m?) if it is ?. Also, writing ? in its printed form (the T shape) rather than its usual m shape is common.
The letter ? may also be written in the shape of ?.
Several letters in Russian cursive are different from the cursive used in the Serbian and Macedonian languages. Thus, Serbian/Macedonian ? and ? are written like the cursive Latin i and u with macron (? and ?) and the letter ? is written in the shape of ??.
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Source of the article : Wikipedia
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